Afghan jihad |The rise of the Taliban | The American invasion in Afghanistan
History of Afghanistan war
In 1983, an alliance of six Afghan Islamic parties was formed. These 6 groups were Sunni Muslims. Except for one group, all the other groups were Pashtuns. These groups are - 1. Islamic in Hizb, 2. Mahaj A Milli, 3. Jamiat-e-Islami, 4. Ittehad-e-Islami, 5. Islamic Khalis in Hizb, 6. Jebah e Nejat e Milli, 6. Harkat e Inqilab e Islami. This alliance was called the Islamic Alliance of Afghan Mujahideen or Afghan Mujahideen. In the beginning, arms and money for the Afghan Mujahideen came from Saudi Arabia. As a result, a small section of the Afghan Mujahideen became followers of Wahhabi ideology. They are called Wahhabis or Salafis. Abdul Rasul Sayyaf, a longtime resident of Saudi Arabia, was elected head of the Afghan Mujahideen Alliance. Abdul Rasool Saif's party was active in Islamic Afghanistan in Ittehad. All groups had the idea that Abdul Rasul Saif and his party would receive Saudi financial support. The reason for this idea was that Abdul Rasul Saif was close to the Saudi royal family and he was also a relative of the Saudi royal family. Abdul Rasul Saif was the first to advise Osama bin Laden to come and stay in Afghanistan. Abdul Rasul Saif is currently active in Afghan politics after leaving the armed struggle and has spent most of his time in Afghanistan. Abdul Rasul Saif started living in Peshawar in 1983. And from Peshawar, he was leading the Afghan jihad against the Soviet Union. Numerous Muslim youths from Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt joined the jihad against the Soviet Union. This network was extensive in colleges and universities. However, most students from Wahhabi and Deobandi madrassas in Pakistan joined the Afghan jihad. There were a total of 693 madrasas in Pakistan in the 1980s. During the military rule of Ziaul Huq, the number of madrasas was 2701Most of these madrasas were Deobandi madrasas. And it was from these madrassas that most of the Mujahideen of the Afghan Jihad reached Afghanistan. The CIA launched the most expensive and difficult operation in its history to defeat the Soviet Union in Afghanistan. This operation is called Operation Cyclone. During the operation, the CIA paid the Afghan Mujahideen 20 million to 30 million a year, or 2 million to 30 million. During the Afghan Jihad against the Soviet Union, the Afghan Mujahideen were so dear to the United States that US President Ronald Reagan called the Afghan Mujahideen to the White House and held long meetings. Whose pictures were quite famous at that time. Gradually the amount of money given to the Afghan Mujahideen increased. This amount reached 600 million to 800 million in the last years of the Afghan jihad. The United States paid a total of 3.2 billion to the Afghan Mujahideen. Saudi Arabia has promised that Saudi Arabia will spend as much as the United States will spend on Afghan jihad. Saudi Arabia kept its promise. The United States, Saudi Arabia, and other European countries all contribute 10 billion to the Afghan Mujahideen. This money was given to the Afghan Mujahideen through Ziaul Haq. Saudi Arabia's intelligence agency, GID, or General Intelligence Directorate Abdul Rasul Saif's team, used to send it to Islami's bank account in Ittehad. Besides, donation boxes kept in different shops, mosques, and donations of Saudi princes used to reach the Mujahideen separately. Wahhabi doctrine is spread with a large part of this money.
With American money and support, Saudi Arabia with its own money, Saudi Arabia was leading the Afghan jihad against the Soviet Union in Afghanistan. On the other hand, what was Iran doing? Ayatollah Khomeini strongly condemned the move after the Soviet Union entered Afghanistan. Then Iran made its own plan for Afghanistan. Inquilab supports the council according to that plan. They set up their base in Hazara in the very middle of Afghanistan. Thousands of people lived here. Iran helped them with weapons and money. The organization was headquartered in Iran. But the Hazaras were outnumbered in Afghanistan. In Afghanistan, 42 percent were Pashtuns, 26 percent Tajiks, and Hazaras were 9 to 10 percent. Thousands of people were Shiites. That is why Iran was supporting them. Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and the United States were supporting the Afghan Mujahideen. And Iran supported the Inquilab Council. As a result of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, 3 million Afghan refugees took refuge in Pakistan. Similarly, one million Afghan refugees have taken refuge in Iran. However, not all Afghan refugees who took refuge in Iran were Shiites. As a result of Afghan refugees taking refuge in Pakistan and Iran, both Pakistan and Iran have become big players in this game in Afghanistan. While Pakistan was a strong player in support of Saudi Arabia and the United States, Iran was no less a player with oil resources. The Cold War that began in the Muslim world did not intensify in the presence of the Soviet Union in Afghanistan.
The United States, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan were active against the Soviet Union in Afghanistan. The United States built such a missile to defeat the Soviet Union's air force in Afghanistan. Which does not require a launcher to launch. All that is needed is a human shoulder. The name of this missile was Stinger Missile. Stinger missiles tragically defeated the Soviet air force in Afghanistan. These stinger missiles were delivered to the Afghan Mujahideen through Pakistan. The Afghan Mujahideen used Stinger missiles to shoot down Soviet helicopters like insects. During the six-year Afghan war, the Soviet military's morale plummeted. Stinger missiles are the latest material to break the Soviet Union's belt in Afghanistan, following Pakistan's intelligence network, attacks by the Afghan Mujahideen, and financial support from the United States and Saudi Arabia. The Stinger missile was not only destructive to the Soviet Union. Stinger missiles are stored in several places in Pakistan. Among them was the Ojri camp area in Rawalpindi. The missiles exploded in an explosion on April 10, 1986. That day was like a resurrection for the people of Rawalpindi. The sound of missiles exploding and the rain of fire all around. The accident killed 103 people in Rawalpindi. Among them was the father of former Prime Minister of Pakistan Shah Khaqan Abbasi. The economic and other losses of this war were enormous for the Soviet Union. So the Soviet Union decided to leave Afghanistan. 6 of 1986 An agreement was reached in April in Geneva between Afghanistan, Pakistan, the United States, and the Soviet Union. Under the agreement, neither Pakistan nor Afghanistan will interfere in each other's internal affairs. Afghan refugees will be sent back to Afghanistan.
The Soviet Union will leave Afghanistan by February 15, 1969. The Soviet Union left Afghanistan in compliance with the agreement. Ziaul Haq's last days came before the Soviet Union left Afghanistan. Ziaul Haque died in a plane crash on August 18, 1986. Ziaul Haque was accompanied by the US ambassador and military attache. And they too were killed along with Ziaul Haque. The Pakistani president was killed along with two other senior US officials, but the United States did not conduct a thorough investigation. That is why many Pakistanis believe that America was behind Ziaul Haque's death. After the Soviet Union withdrew from Afghanistan in February 1969, the United States withdrew from Afghanistan. Then war broke out between Afghan Muslim groups. I have already said that the United States, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan formed an alliance in Afghanistan called the Afghan Mujahideen. Similarly, Iran formed a new alliance of Mujahideen. Whose name is Hizb-e-Wahdad. The head of this alliance was Karim Khalili of the Hazara nation. Karim Khalili received financial and arms support from Iran. After the Soviet Union and the US withdrew from Afghanistan, various Afghan groups had millions of dollars and huge stockpiles of American and Soviet weapons. Then the question was, who will be the government in Afghanistan? Who will rule Afghanistan? Because every armed group in Afghanistan thought that their role was the most important in pushing the Soviet Union out of Afghanistan. So they will rule Afghanistan. Or their alliance. As a result, the armed groups in Afghanistan started fighting among themselves. Although an interim government was formed under an international agreement, it did not bring stability to Afghanistan.
The rise of the Taliban | Taliban jihad
Do you know the history of Taliban in Afganistan? Who funds Taliban? As a result, civil war continues in Afghanistan. The civil war also involved proxy wars between two major Muslim countries, Saudi Arabia and Iran. And all this was done by a group of madrasa students led by Mullah Omar. Those who are called Taliban today. In 1996, the Taliban captured Kabul with the help of Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. The Taliban members were trained by Pakistan's intelligence service. Taliban members studied at Deobandi madrassas in Pakistan. Many of the Afghan refugees who took refuge in Pakistan were members of the Taliban. The Taliban emerged as the most powerful military force in Afghanistan during the civil war after the Soviet Union left. Which brings temporary stability to Afghanistan. The Taliban formed a government in Afghanistan. The result is temporary stability in Afghanistan. Saudi Arabia and Pakistan were supporting the Taliban. As a result, the Taliban became the most powerful group in Afghanistan. Pakistan and Saudi Arabia recognize the Taliban as the government of Afghanistan. The United Arab Emirates also temporarily recognized the Taliban government. Apart from these three countries, no other country in the world has recognized the Taliban government. Then something strange happened. Those who were friends became enemies. And some enemies became friends. A coalition of several armed groups, or Afghan jihadist groups, has been formed to fight the Taliban. This alliance is called the Northern Alliance. The alliance also had legendary guerrilla commanders like Ahmad Shah Masood. The coalition also included Iran-backed Karim Khalili's Hizb-e-Wahdan. The United States and Iran have stated opposition to using force or imposing sanctions on Iran. Saudi Arabia, on the other hand, supports the Taliban despite being an ally of the United States. In other words, the former friend America became the enemy. Ahmad Shah Masud was a Sunni Tajik commander. Although Ahmad Shah Masud was a Sunni, he was a Tajik. And Tajik and Persian are almost the same languages. In addition, Iran supports Ahmad Shah Massoud because of its border with Iran.Although the United States and Iran call each other "devils," they both provide arms and financial support to the Northern Alliance. And India also provided financial support to the Northern Alliance. Along with the proxy war between Saudi Arabia and Iran in Afghanistan, this proxy war also entered Pakistan. The proxy war between Saudi Arabia and Iran also started in Pakistan. The Northern Alliance was not very successful against the Taliban and was confined to a small part of Afghanistan. Then, in 1998, the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania were suddenly attacked. Who was behind this attack, America or Al Qaeda? What did America offer to Mullah Omar? What was said at the meeting between the Saudi intelligence chief and Mullah Omar?
Inshallah, we will know about this but in the next episode.
Taliban jihad | history of Taliban | history of Afghanistan war | Who funds Taliban?