Jabir ibn Hayyan | He was the father of chemistry
When we talk about the early Muslim scientists, the first thing that comes to mind is Jabir ibn Hayyan. Today we will highlight the gold discoveries of his life, for which we are forever indebted.
Jabir ibn Hayyan born
This Muslim scientist was born in 621 AD in Tusnagar, Persia (Khorasan, Iran). His full name is Abu Abdullah Jabir bin Hayyan bin Abdullah Al Azdi Al Tusi Al Sufi Al Osabi. Although he was the son of a physician father, he suffered greatly as a child when the Umayyad caliph executed his father for supporting his father Abbasids in the contemporary political situation (Umayyad-Abbasid conflict). Although he lived in Kufa, Iraq as a child, he returned to his homeland in southern Arabia after his father's death. There he had the opportunity to become a student of the famous Yemeni mathematician Harbi al-Himayari, leaving a mark of achievement in mathematics.Jabir ibn Hayyan contribution
He was the father of chemistry. Through him, we can trace the long history of chemistry. It is because of Jabir Ibn Hayyan that we have been able to reach the roots of modern chemistry. That is why he has become a shining name in history, everyone from East to West was able to advance to a unique branch of science for his discovery. In the Western world, he is known as Zebar which is the Latin version of his name.
Later, in the wake of his proximity to Imam Zafar al-Sadiq, he acquired a deep knowledge of science, especially chemistry. When the Abbasids overthrew the Umayyads, Jabir ibn Hayyan returned to Baghdad, the capital of the Abbasids. Here he began working as a chemist at the court of the famous Abbasid Caliph Harun al-Rashid. He devoted himself to the practice of science under the patronage of the Caliph. But this opportunity did not last long. He supported the Burmese, (note that the Burmese were a powerful dynasty competing with the Abbasid caliphs). When this was published, the Abbasid vizier accused him of conspiracy against the Burmese, so he moved from Baghdad to Kufa and settled there permanently. While living in Kufa, he paid special attention to the study of chemistry and established a chemistry laboratory. Muslim historians have called the laboratory the world's first laboratory.
His discoveries:
1. He was the first to initiate chemical processes like distillation, uplift, filtration, solution, kelason, incineration, evaporation, melting, etc. in a scientific manner.
1. He was the first to initiate chemical processes like distillation, uplift, filtration, solution, kelason, incineration, evaporation, melting, etc. in a scientific manner.
2. He made discoveries and books on steel making, metal refining, textile and leather dyeing, iron rust resistant varnish, etc.
3. One of his achievements is the discovery of a method of preparing brightly colored ink from marquee instead of gold.
4. He invented the method of making salt from manganese dioxide by the heating glass, sulfur with alkali, liver of sulfur and milk of sulfur, aquatic herbs, potash, and soda and mixing acid with them.
5. He also knew the use of chemicals like citric acid, arsenic, antimony, silver-nitrate, curic chloride, etc.
6. His achievements in the synthesis of hydrochloric and nitric acid synthesis.
7. He explained in detail about the process and rules of making writing ink.
8. Mendeleev mentions the periodic table, but Hayan also actually tried to create a table to classify the chemicals. He created elements based on the ancient Greek idea of classifying metals, non-metals, and substances into groups that could be permeable.
It should be noted here that almost all of his discoveries are still being used in modern science.
In addition to chemistry, he contributed to medicine, minerals, especially stone, philosophy, martial arts, geometry, astronomy, alchemy, etc. He wrote about 2,000 books. The number of books on medicine is about 500. His book Al-Zahr or Poison has a special place in the list of original books.
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Many of these books were translated into Latin in the Middle Ages. For example, his books on chemistry, Kitab-al-Kimia, Kitab al-Sabein (The Seventy Books) were translated into Latin and various European languages. These translations have been popular in Europe for centuries and have strengthened the journey of modern chemistry.
According to the famous German historian Max Meyerhoff, the scientific contribution of Jabir Ibn Hayyan of that era became one of the foundations of the development of chemistry in Europe.
.He is best known for his emphasis on experimentation and accuracy in his work. His belief is that "the most important thing in chemistry is that you should do practical work and experiment because anyone who does or does not do any practical work will never be able to get the minimum degree."
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This great scientist died in about 615 AD. But no one has forgotten his name, he is equally admired everywhere in the East and the West.